certbot-certbot/certbot/util.py

"""Utilities for all Certbot."""
import argparse
import atexit
import collections
# distutils.version under virtualenv confuses pylint
# For more info, see: https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/issues/73
import distutils.version  # pylint: disable=import-error,no-name-in-module
import errno
import logging
import os
import platform
import re
import six
import socket
import stat
import subprocess
import sys

import configargparse

from certbot import constants
from certbot import errors
from certbot import lock

try:
    from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    # OrderedDict was added in Python 2.7
    from ordereddict import OrderedDict  # pylint: disable=import-error


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


Key = collections.namedtuple("Key", "file pem")
# Note: form is the type of data, "pem" or "der"
CSR = collections.namedtuple("CSR", "file data form")


# ANSI SGR escape codes
# Formats text as bold or with increased intensity
ANSI_SGR_BOLD = '\033[1m'
# Colors text red
ANSI_SGR_RED = "\033[31m"
# Resets output format
ANSI_SGR_RESET = "\033[0m"


PERM_ERR_FMT = os.linesep.join((
    "The following error was encountered:", "{0}",
    "Either run as root, or set --config-dir, "
    "--work-dir, and --logs-dir to writeable paths."))


# Stores importing process ID to be used by atexit_register()
_INITIAL_PID = os.getpid()
# Maps paths to locked directories to their lock object. All locks in
# the dict are attempted to be cleaned up at program exit. If the
# program exits before the lock is cleaned up, it is automatically
# released, but the file isn't deleted.
_LOCKS = OrderedDict()


def run_script(params, log=logger.error):
    """Run the script with the given params.

    :param list params: List of parameters to pass to Popen
    :param logging.Logger log: Logger to use for errors

    """
    try:
        proc = subprocess.Popen(params,
                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                universal_newlines=True)

    except (OSError, ValueError):
        msg = "Unable to run the command: %s" % " ".join(params)
        log(msg)
        raise errors.SubprocessError(msg)

    stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()

    if proc.returncode != 0:
        msg = "Error while running %s.\n%s\n%s" % (
            " ".join(params), stdout, stderr)
        # Enter recovery routine...
        log(msg)
        raise errors.SubprocessError(msg)

    return stdout, stderr


def is_exe(path):
    """Is path an executable file?

    :param str path: path to test

    :returns: True iff path is an executable file
    :rtype: bool

    """
    return os.path.isfile(path) and os.access(path, os.X_OK)


def exe_exists(exe):
    """Determine whether path/name refers to an executable.

    :param str exe: Executable path or name

    :returns: If exe is a valid executable
    :rtype: bool

    """
    path, _ = os.path.split(exe)
    if path:
        return is_exe(exe)
    else:
        for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep):
            if is_exe(os.path.join(path, exe)):
                return True

    return False


def lock_dir_until_exit(dir_path):
    """Lock the directory at dir_path until program exit.

    :param str dir_path: path to directory

    :raises errors.LockError: if the lock is held by another process

    """
    if not _LOCKS:  # this is the first lock to be released at exit
        atexit_register(_release_locks)

    if dir_path not in _LOCKS:
        _LOCKS[dir_path] = lock.lock_dir(dir_path)


def _release_locks():
    for dir_lock in six.itervalues(_LOCKS):
        try:
            dir_lock.release()
        except:  # pylint: disable=bare-except
            msg = 'Exception occurred releasing lock: {0!r}'.format(dir_lock)
            logger.debug(msg, exc_info=True)


def set_up_core_dir(directory, mode, uid, strict):
    """Ensure directory exists with proper permissions and is locked.

    :param str directory: Path to a directory.
    :param int mode: Directory mode.
    :param int uid: Directory owner.
    :param bool strict: require directory to be owned by current user

    :raises .errors.LockError: if the directory cannot be locked
    :raises .errors.Error: if the directory cannot be made or verified

    """
    try:
        make_or_verify_dir(directory, mode, uid, strict)
        lock_dir_until_exit(directory)
    except OSError as error:
        logger.debug("Exception was:", exc_info=True)
        raise errors.Error(PERM_ERR_FMT.format(error))


def make_or_verify_dir(directory, mode=0o755, uid=0, strict=False):
    """Make sure directory exists with proper permissions.

    :param str directory: Path to a directory.
    :param int mode: Directory mode.
    :param int uid: Directory owner.
    :param bool strict: require directory to be owned by current user

    :raises .errors.Error: if a directory already exists,
        but has wrong permissions or owner

    :raises OSError: if invalid or inaccessible file names and
        paths, or other arguments that have the correct type,
        but are not accepted by the operating system.

    """
    try:
        os.makedirs(directory, mode)
    except OSError as exception:
        if exception.errno == errno.EEXIST:
            if strict and not check_permissions(directory, mode, uid):
                raise errors.Error(
                    "%s exists, but it should be owned by user %d with"
                    "permissions %s" % (directory, uid, oct(mode)))
        else:
            raise


def check_permissions(filepath, mode, uid=0):
    """Check file or directory permissions.

    :param str filepath: Path to the tested file (or directory).
    :param int mode: Expected file mode.
    :param int uid: Expected file owner.

    :returns: True if `mode` and `uid` match, False otherwise.
    :rtype: bool

    """
    file_stat = os.stat(filepath)
    return stat.S_IMODE(file_stat.st_mode) == mode and file_stat.st_uid == uid


def safe_open(path, mode="w", chmod=None, buffering=None):
    """Safely open a file.

    :param str path: Path to a file.
    :param str mode: Same os `mode` for `open`.
    :param int chmod: Same as `mode` for `os.open`, uses Python defaults
        if ``None``.
    :param int buffering: Same as `bufsize` for `os.fdopen`, uses Python
        defaults if ``None``.

    """
    # pylint: disable=star-args
    open_args = () if chmod is None else (chmod,)
    fdopen_args = () if buffering is None else (buffering,)
    return os.fdopen(
        os.open(path, os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | os.O_RDWR, *open_args),
        mode, *fdopen_args)


def _unique_file(path, filename_pat, count, chmod, mode):
    while True:
        current_path = os.path.join(path, filename_pat(count))
        try:
            return safe_open(current_path, chmod=chmod, mode=mode),\
                os.path.abspath(current_path)
        except OSError as err:
            # "File exists," is okay, try a different name.
            if err.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                raise
        count += 1


def unique_file(path, chmod=0o777, mode="w"):
    """Safely finds a unique file.

    :param str path: path/filename.ext
    :param int chmod: File mode
    :param str mode: Open mode

    :returns: tuple of file object and file name

    """
    path, tail = os.path.split(path)
    return _unique_file(
        path, filename_pat=(lambda count: "%04d_%s" % (count, tail)),
        count=0, chmod=chmod, mode=mode)


def unique_lineage_name(path, filename, chmod=0o644, mode="w"):
    """Safely finds a unique file using lineage convention.

    :param str path: directory path
    :param str filename: proposed filename
    :param int chmod: file mode
    :param str mode: open mode

    :returns: tuple of file object and file name (which may be modified
        from the requested one by appending digits to ensure uniqueness)

    :raises OSError: if writing files fails for an unanticipated reason,
        such as a full disk or a lack of permission to write to
        specified location.

    """
    preferred_path = os.path.join(path, "%s.conf" % (filename))
    try:
        return safe_open(preferred_path, chmod=chmod), preferred_path
    except OSError as err:
        if err.errno != errno.EEXIST:
            raise
    return _unique_file(
        path, filename_pat=(lambda count: "%s-%04d.conf" % (filename, count)),
        count=1, chmod=chmod, mode=mode)


def safely_remove(path):
    """Remove a file that may not exist."""
    try:
        os.remove(path)
    except OSError as err:
        if err.errno != errno.ENOENT:
            raise


def get_filtered_names(all_names):
    """Removes names that aren't considered valid by Let's Encrypt.

    :param set all_names: all names found in the configuration

    :returns: all found names that are considered valid by LE
    :rtype: set

    """
    filtered_names = set()
    for name in all_names:
        try:
            filtered_names.add(enforce_le_validity(name))
        except errors.ConfigurationError as error:
            logger.debug('Not suggesting name "%s"', name)
            logger.debug(error)
    return filtered_names


def get_os_info(filepath="/etc/os-release"):
    """
    Get OS name and version

    :param str filepath: File path of os-release file
    :returns: (os_name, os_version)
    :rtype: `tuple` of `str`
    """

    if os.path.isfile(filepath):
        # Systemd os-release parsing might be viable
        os_name, os_version = get_systemd_os_info(filepath=filepath)
        if os_name:
            return (os_name, os_version)

    # Fallback to platform module
    return get_python_os_info()


def get_os_info_ua(filepath="/etc/os-release"):
    """
    Get OS name and version string for User Agent

    :param str filepath: File path of os-release file
    :returns: os_ua
    :rtype: `str`
    """

    if os.path.isfile(filepath):
        os_ua = get_var_from_file("PRETTY_NAME", filepath=filepath)
        if not os_ua:
            os_ua = get_var_from_file("NAME", filepath=filepath)
        if os_ua:
            return os_ua

    # Fallback
    return " ".join(get_python_os_info())


def get_systemd_os_info(filepath="/etc/os-release"):
    """
    Parse systemd /etc/os-release for distribution information

    :param str filepath: File path of os-release file
    :returns: (os_name, os_version)
    :rtype: `tuple` of `str`
    """

    os_name = get_var_from_file("ID", filepath=filepath)
    os_version = get_var_from_file("VERSION_ID", filepath=filepath)

    return (os_name, os_version)


def get_systemd_os_like(filepath="/etc/os-release"):
    """
    Get a list of strings that indicate the distribution likeness to
    other distributions.

    :param str filepath: File path of os-release file
    :returns: List of distribution acronyms
    :rtype: `list` of `str`
    """

    return get_var_from_file("ID_LIKE", filepath).split(" ")


def get_var_from_file(varname, filepath="/etc/os-release"):
    """
    Get single value from systemd /etc/os-release

    :param str varname: Name of variable to fetch
    :param str filepath: File path of os-release file
    :returns: requested value
    :rtype: `str`
    """

    var_string = varname+"="
    if not os.path.isfile(filepath):
        return ""
    with open(filepath, 'r') as fh:
        contents = fh.readlines()

    for line in contents:
        if line.strip().startswith(var_string):
            # Return the value of var, normalized
            return _normalize_string(line.strip()[len(var_string):])
    return ""


def _normalize_string(orig):
    """
    Helper function for get_var_from_file() to remove quotes
    and whitespaces
    """
    return orig.replace('"', '').replace("'", "").strip()


def get_python_os_info():
    """
    Get Operating System type/distribution and major version
    using python platform module

    :returns: (os_name, os_version)
    :rtype: `tuple` of `str`
    """
    info = platform.system_alias(
        platform.system(),
        platform.release(),
        platform.version()
    )
    os_type, os_ver, _ = info
    os_type = os_type.lower()
    if os_type.startswith('linux'):
        info = platform.linux_distribution()
        # On arch, platform.linux_distribution() is reportedly ('','',''),
        # so handle it defensively
        if info[0]:
            os_type = info[0]
        if info[1]:
            os_ver = info[1]
    elif os_type.startswith('darwin'):
        try:
            proc = subprocess.Popen(
                ["/usr/bin/sw_vers", "-productVersion"],
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                universal_newlines=True,
            )
        except OSError:
            proc = subprocess.Popen(
                ["sw_vers", "-productVersion"],
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                universal_newlines=True,
            )
        os_ver = proc.communicate()[0].rstrip('\n')
    elif os_type.startswith('freebsd'):
        # eg "9.3-RC3-p1"
        os_ver = os_ver.partition("-")[0]
        os_ver = os_ver.partition(".")[0]
    elif platform.win32_ver()[1]:
        os_ver = platform.win32_ver()[1]
    else:
        # Cases known to fall here: Cygwin python
        os_ver = ''
    return os_type, os_ver

# Just make sure we don't get pwned... Make sure that it also doesn't
# start with a period or have two consecutive periods <- this needs to
# be done in addition to the regex
EMAIL_REGEX = re.compile("[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+$")


def safe_email(email):
    """Scrub email address before using it."""
    if EMAIL_REGEX.match(email) is not None:
        return not email.startswith(".") and ".." not in email
    else:
        logger.warning("Invalid email address: %s.", email)
        return False


class _ShowWarning(argparse.Action):
    """Action to log a warning when an argument is used."""
    def __call__(self, unused1, unused2, unused3, option_string=None):
        sys.stderr.write(
            "Use of {0} is deprecated.\n".format(option_string))


def add_deprecated_argument(add_argument, argument_name, nargs):
    """Adds a deprecated argument with the name argument_name.

    Deprecated arguments are not shown in the help. If they are used on
    the command line, a warning is shown stating that the argument is
    deprecated and no other action is taken.

    :param callable add_argument: Function that adds arguments to an
        argument parser/group.
    :param str argument_name: Name of deprecated argument.
    :param nargs: Value for nargs when adding the argument to argparse.

    """
    if _ShowWarning not in configargparse.ACTION_TYPES_THAT_DONT_NEED_A_VALUE:
        # In version 0.12.0 ACTION_TYPES_THAT_DONT_NEED_A_VALUE was
        # changed from a set to a tuple.
        if isinstance(configargparse.ACTION_TYPES_THAT_DONT_NEED_A_VALUE, set):
            # pylint: disable=no-member
            configargparse.ACTION_TYPES_THAT_DONT_NEED_A_VALUE.add(
                _ShowWarning)
        else:
            configargparse.ACTION_TYPES_THAT_DONT_NEED_A_VALUE += (
                _ShowWarning,)
    add_argument(argument_name, action=_ShowWarning,
                 help=argparse.SUPPRESS, nargs=nargs)


def enforce_le_validity(domain):
    """Checks that Let's Encrypt will consider domain to be valid.

    :param str domain: FQDN to check
    :type domain: `str` or `unicode`
    :returns: The domain cast to `str`, with ASCII-only contents
    :rtype: str
    :raises ConfigurationError: for invalid domains and cases where Let's
                                Encrypt currently will not issue certificates

    """
    domain = enforce_domain_sanity(domain)
    if not re.match("^[A-Za-z0-9.-]*$", domain):
        raise errors.ConfigurationError(
            "{0} contains an invalid character. "
            "Valid characters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, ., and -.".format(domain))

    labels = domain.split(".")
    if len(labels) < 2:
        raise errors.ConfigurationError(
            "{0} needs at least two labels".format(domain))
    for label in labels:
        if label.startswith("-"):
            raise errors.ConfigurationError(
                'label "{0}" in domain "{1}" cannot start with "-"'.format(
                    label, domain))
        if label.endswith("-"):
            raise errors.ConfigurationError(
                'label "{0}" in domain "{1}" cannot end with "-"'.format(
                    label, domain))
    return domain

def enforce_domain_sanity(domain):
    """Method which validates domain value and errors out if
    the requirements are not met.

    :param domain: Domain to check
    :type domain: `str` or `unicode`
    :raises ConfigurationError: for invalid domains and cases where Let's
                                Encrypt currently will not issue certificates

    :returns: The domain cast to `str`, with ASCII-only contents
    :rtype: str
    """
    if isinstance(domain, six.text_type):
        wildcard_marker = u"*."
    else:
        wildcard_marker = b"*."

    # Check if there's a wildcard domain
    if domain.startswith(wildcard_marker):
        raise errors.ConfigurationError(
            "Wildcard domains are not supported: {0}".format(domain))

    # Unicode
    try:
        if isinstance(domain, six.binary_type):
            domain = domain.decode('utf-8')
        domain.encode('ascii')
    except UnicodeError:
        raise errors.ConfigurationError("Non-ASCII domain names not supported. "
            "To issue for an Internationalized Domain Name, use Punycode.")

    domain = domain.lower()

    # Remove trailing dot
    domain = domain[:-1] if domain.endswith(u'.') else domain

    # Separately check for odd "domains" like "http://example.com" to fail
    # fast and provide a clear error message
    for scheme in ["http", "https"]:  # Other schemes seem unlikely
        if domain.startswith("{0}://".format(scheme)):
            raise errors.ConfigurationError(
                "Requested name {0} appears to be a URL, not a FQDN. "
                "Try again without the leading \"{1}://\".".format(
                    domain, scheme
                )
            )

    # Explain separately that IP addresses aren't allowed (apart from not
    # being FQDNs) because hope springs eternal concerning this point
    try:
        socket.inet_aton(domain)
        raise errors.ConfigurationError(
            "Requested name {0} is an IP address. The Let's Encrypt "
            "certificate authority will not issue certificates for a "
            "bare IP address.".format(domain))
    except socket.error:
        # It wasn't an IP address, so that's good
        pass

    # FQDN checks according to RFC 2181: domain name should be less than 255
    # octets (inclusive). And each label is 1 - 63 octets (inclusive).
    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2181#section-11
    msg = "Requested domain {0} is not a FQDN because".format(domain)
    if len(domain) > 255:
        raise errors.ConfigurationError("{0} it is too long.".format(msg))
    labels = domain.split('.')
    for l in labels:
        if not l:
            raise errors.ConfigurationError("{0} it contains an empty label.".format(msg))
        elif len(l) > 63:
            raise errors.ConfigurationError("{0} label {1} is too long.".format(msg, l))

    return domain


def get_strict_version(normalized):
    """Converts a normalized version to a strict version.

    :param str normalized: normalized version string

    :returns: An equivalent strict version
    :rtype: distutils.version.StrictVersion

    """
    # strict version ending with "a" and a number designates a pre-release
    # pylint: disable=no-member
    return distutils.version.StrictVersion(normalized.replace(".dev", "a"))


def is_staging(srv):
    """
    Determine whether a given ACME server is a known test / staging server.

    :param str srv: the URI for the ACME server
    :returns: True iff srv is a known test / staging server
    :rtype bool:
    """
    return srv == constants.STAGING_URI or "staging" in srv


def atexit_register(func, *args, **kwargs):
    """Sets func to be called before the program exits.

    Special care is taken to ensure func is only called when the process
    that first imports this module exits rather than any child processes.

    :param function func: function to be called in case of an error

    """
    atexit.register(_atexit_call, func, *args, **kwargs)


def _atexit_call(func, *args, **kwargs):
    if _INITIAL_PID == os.getpid():
        func(*args, **kwargs)