mirror of
https://github.com/certbot/certbot.git
synced 2026-08-01 18:56:55 +02:00
I restructured Installation and Using a bit (#3725)
* Fixing a weird out-of-place paragraph in the Getting Certbot section * De-duping and clarifying installation information, separating it from Using. * Responding to feedback at https://github.com/certbot/certbot/pull/3675#pullrequestreview-5757007
This commit is contained in:
+1
-1
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Installation
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The easiest way to install Certbot is by visiting `certbot.eff.org`_, where you can
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The easiest way to install Certbot is by visiting `certbot.eff.org`_, where you can
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||||||
find the correct installation instructions for many web server and OS combinations.
|
find the correct installation instructions for many web server and OS combinations.
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||||||
For more information, see the `User Guide <https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#getting-certbot>`_.
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For more information, see `Get Certbot <https://certbot.eff.org/docs/install.html>`_.
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.. _certbot.eff.org: https://certbot.eff.org/
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.. _certbot.eff.org: https://certbot.eff.org/
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+199
-14
@@ -1,13 +1,57 @@
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=====================
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=====================
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Quick Installation
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Get Certbot
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=====================
|
=====================
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If ``certbot`` (or ``letsencrypt``) is packaged for your Unix OS (visit
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.. contents:: Table of Contents
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certbot.eff.org_ to find out), you can install it
|
:local:
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from there, and run it by typing ``certbot`` (or ``letsencrypt``). Because
|
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not all operating systems have packages yet, we provide a temporary solution
|
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via the ``certbot-auto`` wrapper script, which obtains some dependencies from
|
About Certbot
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your OS and puts others in a python virtual environment::
|
=============
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|
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Certbot is packaged for many common operating systems and web servers. Check whether
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|
``certbot`` (or ``letsencrypt``) is packaged for your web server's OS by visiting
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|
certbot.eff.org_, where you will also find the correct installation instructions for
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your system.
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|
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|
.. Note:: Unless you have very specific requirements, we kindly suggest that you use the Certbot packages provided by your package manager (see certbot.eff.org_). If such packages are not available, we recommend using ``certbot-auto``, which automates the process of installing Certbot on your system.
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|
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.. _certbot.eff.org: https://certbot.eff.org
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System Requirements
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|
===================
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|
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The Let's Encrypt Client presently only runs on Unix-ish OSes that include
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Python 2.6 or 2.7; Python 3.x support will hopefully be added in the future. The
|
||||||
|
client requires root access in order to write to ``/etc/letsencrypt``,
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|
``/var/log/letsencrypt``, ``/var/lib/letsencrypt``; to bind to ports 80 and 443
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||||||
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(if you use the ``standalone`` plugin) and to read and modify webserver
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||||||
|
configurations (if you use the ``apache`` or ``nginx`` plugins). If none of
|
||||||
|
these apply to you, it is theoretically possible to run without root privileges,
|
||||||
|
but for most users who want to avoid running an ACME client as root, either
|
||||||
|
`letsencrypt-nosudo <https://github.com/diafygi/letsencrypt-nosudo>`_ or
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`simp_le <https://github.com/kuba/simp_le>`_ are more appropriate choices.
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The Apache plugin currently requires OS with augeas version 1.0; currently `it
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|
supports
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<https://github.com/certbot/certbot/blob/master/certbot-apache/certbot_apache/constants.py>`_
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modern OSes based on Debian, Fedora, SUSE, Gentoo and Darwin.
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|
Alternate installation methods
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|
================================
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If you are offline or your operating system doesn't provide a package, you can use
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an alternate method for installing ``certbot``.
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|
.. _certbot-auto:
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|
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Certbot-Auto
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|
------------
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|
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The ``certbot-auto`` wrapper script installs Certbot, obtaining some dependencies
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|
from your web server OS and putting others in a python virtual environment. You can
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|
download and run it as follows::
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||||||
|
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user@webserver:~$ wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
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user@webserver:~$ wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
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user@webserver:~$ chmod a+x ./certbot-auto
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user@webserver:~$ chmod a+x ./certbot-auto
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@@ -20,14 +64,155 @@ your OS and puts others in a python virtual environment::
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user@server:~$ gpg2 --recv-key A2CFB51FA275A7286234E7B24D17C995CD9775F2
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user@server:~$ gpg2 --recv-key A2CFB51FA275A7286234E7B24D17C995CD9775F2
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||||||
user@server:~$ gpg2 --trusted-key 4D17C995CD9775F2 --verify certbot-auto.asc certbot-auto
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user@server:~$ gpg2 --trusted-key 4D17C995CD9775F2 --verify certbot-auto.asc certbot-auto
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And for full command line help, you can type::
|
The ``certbot-auto`` command updates to the latest client release automatically.
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||||||
|
Since ``certbot-auto`` is a wrapper to ``certbot``, it accepts exactly
|
||||||
|
the same command line flags and arguments. For more information, see
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||||||
|
`Certbot command-line options <https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#command-line-options>`_.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For full command line help, you can type::
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||||||
|
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./certbot-auto --help all
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./certbot-auto --help all
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||||||
|
|
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``certbot-auto`` updates to the latest client release automatically. And
|
Running with Docker
|
||||||
since ``certbot-auto`` is a wrapper to ``certbot``, it accepts exactly
|
-------------------
|
||||||
the same command line flags and arguments. More details about this script and
|
|
||||||
other installation methods can be found `in the User Guide
|
Docker_ is an amazingly simple and quick way to obtain a
|
||||||
<https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#installation>`_.
|
certificate. However, this mode of operation is unable to install
|
||||||
|
certificates or configure your webserver, because our installer
|
||||||
|
plugins cannot reach your webserver from inside the Docker container.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Most users should use the operating system packages (see instructions at
|
||||||
|
certbot.eff.org_) or, as a fallback, ``certbot-auto``. You should only
|
||||||
|
use Docker if you are sure you know what you are doing and have a
|
||||||
|
good reason to do so.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You should definitely read the :ref:`where-certs` section, in order to
|
||||||
|
know how to manage the certs
|
||||||
|
manually. `Our ciphersuites page <ciphers.html>`__
|
||||||
|
provides some information about recommended ciphersuites. If none of
|
||||||
|
these make much sense to you, you should definitely use the
|
||||||
|
certbot-auto_ method, which enables you to use installer plugins
|
||||||
|
that cover both of those hard topics.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you're still not convinced and have decided to use this method,
|
||||||
|
from the server that the domain you're requesting a cert for resolves
|
||||||
|
to, `install Docker`_, then issue the following command:
|
||||||
|
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||||||
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.. code-block:: shell
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||||||
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||||||
|
sudo docker run -it --rm -p 443:443 -p 80:80 --name certbot \
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-v "/etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt" \
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-v "/var/lib/letsencrypt:/var/lib/letsencrypt" \
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||||||
|
quay.io/letsencrypt/letsencrypt:latest certonly
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||||||
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||||||
|
Running Certbot with the ``certonly`` command will obtain a certificate and place it in the directory
|
||||||
|
``/etc/letsencrypt/live`` on your system. Because Certonly cannot install the certificate from
|
||||||
|
within Docker, you must install the certificate manually according to the procedure
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||||||
|
recommended by the provider of your webserver.
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
For more information about the layout
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||||||
|
of the ``/etc/letsencrypt`` directory, see :ref:`where-certs`.
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||||||
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||||||
|
.. _Docker: https://docker.com
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||||||
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.. _`install Docker`: https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
Operating System Packages
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|
-------------------------
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||||||
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**FreeBSD**
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||||||
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||||||
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* Port: ``cd /usr/ports/security/py-certbot && make install clean``
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* Package: ``pkg install py27-certbot``
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||||||
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**OpenBSD**
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||||||
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* Port: ``cd /usr/ports/security/letsencrypt/client && make install clean``
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* Package: ``pkg_add letsencrypt``
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|
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||||||
|
**Arch Linux**
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||||||
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.. code-block:: shell
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||||||
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||||||
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sudo pacman -S certbot
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||||||
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||||||
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**Debian**
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||||||
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||||||
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If you run Debian Stretch or Debian Sid, you can install certbot packages.
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||||||
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||||||
|
.. code-block:: shell
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||||||
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||||||
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sudo apt-get update
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||||||
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sudo apt-get install certbot python-certbot-apache
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||||||
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||||||
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If you don't want to use the Apache plugin, you can omit the
|
||||||
|
``python-certbot-apache`` package.
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
Packages exist for Debian Jessie via backports. First you'll have to follow the
|
||||||
|
instructions at http://backports.debian.org/Instructions/ to enable the Jessie backports
|
||||||
|
repo, if you have not already done so. Then run:
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. code-block:: shell
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
sudo apt-get install letsencrypt python-letsencrypt-apache -t jessie-backports
|
||||||
|
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||||||
|
**Fedora**
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||||||
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||||||
|
.. code-block:: shell
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
sudo dnf install letsencrypt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Gentoo**
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
The official Certbot client is available in Gentoo Portage. If you
|
||||||
|
want to use the Apache plugin, it has to be installed separately:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. code-block:: shell
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
emerge -av app-crypt/letsencrypt
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||||||
|
emerge -av app-crypt/letsencrypt-apache
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
When using the Apache plugin, you will run into a "cannot find a cert or key
|
||||||
|
directive" error if you're sporting the default Gentoo ``httpd.conf``.
|
||||||
|
You can fix this by commenting out two lines in ``/etc/apache2/httpd.conf``
|
||||||
|
as follows:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Change
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. code-block:: shell
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<IfDefine SSL>
|
||||||
|
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
|
||||||
|
</IfDefine>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
to
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. code-block:: shell
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#<IfDefine SSL>
|
||||||
|
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
|
||||||
|
#</IfDefine>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For the time being, this is the only way for the Apache plugin to recognise
|
||||||
|
the appropriate directives when installing the certificate.
|
||||||
|
Note: this change is not required for the other plugins.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Other Operating Systems**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
OS packaging is an ongoing effort. If you'd like to package
|
||||||
|
Certbot for your distribution of choice please have a
|
||||||
|
look at the :doc:`packaging`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Installing from source
|
||||||
|
----------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Installation from source is only supported for developers and the
|
||||||
|
whole process is described in the :doc:`contributing`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. warning:: Please do **not** use ``python setup.py install`` or
|
||||||
|
``python pip install .``. Please do **not** attempt the
|
||||||
|
installation commands as superuser/root and/or without virtual
|
||||||
|
environment, e.g. ``sudo python setup.py install``, ``sudo pip
|
||||||
|
install``, ``sudo ./venv/bin/...``. These modes of operation might
|
||||||
|
corrupt your operating system and are **not supported** by the
|
||||||
|
Certbot team!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. _certbot.eff.org: https://certbot.eff.org/
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
+5
-212
@@ -5,44 +5,10 @@ User Guide
|
|||||||
.. contents:: Table of Contents
|
.. contents:: Table of Contents
|
||||||
:local:
|
:local:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. _installation:
|
Certbot Commands
|
||||||
|
================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
System Requirements
|
Certbot uses a number of different "commands" (also referred
|
||||||
===================
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Let's Encrypt Client presently only runs on Unix-ish OSes that include
|
|
||||||
Python 2.6 or 2.7; Python 3.x support will hopefully be added in the future. The
|
|
||||||
client requires root access in order to write to ``/etc/letsencrypt``,
|
|
||||||
``/var/log/letsencrypt``, ``/var/lib/letsencrypt``; to bind to ports 80 and 443
|
|
||||||
(if you use the ``standalone`` plugin) and to read and modify webserver
|
|
||||||
configurations (if you use the ``apache`` or ``nginx`` plugins). If none of
|
|
||||||
these apply to you, it is theoretically possible to run without root privileges,
|
|
||||||
but for most users who want to avoid running an ACME client as root, either
|
|
||||||
`letsencrypt-nosudo <https://github.com/diafygi/letsencrypt-nosudo>`_ or
|
|
||||||
`simp_le <https://github.com/kuba/simp_le>`_ are more appropriate choices.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Apache plugin currently requires OS with augeas version 1.0; currently `it
|
|
||||||
supports
|
|
||||||
<https://github.com/certbot/certbot/blob/master/certbot-apache/certbot_apache/constants.py>`_
|
|
||||||
modern OSes based on Debian, Fedora, SUSE, Gentoo and Darwin.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Getting Certbot
|
|
||||||
===============
|
|
||||||
Certbot is packaged for many common operating systems and web servers. Check whether
|
|
||||||
``certbot`` (or ``letsencrypt``) is packaged for your web server's OS by visiting
|
|
||||||
certbot.eff.org_, where you will also find the correct installation instructions for
|
|
||||||
your system.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. Note:: Unless you have very specific requirements, we kindly suggest that you use the Certbot packages provided by your package manager (see certbot.eff.org_). If such packages are not available, we recommend using ``certbot-auto``, which automates the process of installing Certbot on your system.
|
|
||||||
.. _certbot.eff.org: https://certbot.eff.org
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. _certbot-auto: https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#certbot-auto
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Commands
|
|
||||||
========
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Certbot client uses a number of different "commands" (also referred
|
|
||||||
to, equivalently, as "subcommands") to request specific actions such as
|
to, equivalently, as "subcommands") to request specific actions such as
|
||||||
obtaining, renewing, or revoking certificates. Some of the most important
|
obtaining, renewing, or revoking certificates. Some of the most important
|
||||||
and most commonly-used commands will be discussed throughout this
|
and most commonly-used commands will be discussed throughout this
|
||||||
@@ -50,183 +16,10 @@ document; an exhaustive list also appears near the end of the document.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
The ``certbot`` script on your web server might be named ``letsencrypt`` if your system uses an older package, or ``certbot-auto`` if you used an alternate installation method. Throughout the docs, whenever you see ``certbot``, swap in the correct name as needed.
|
The ``certbot`` script on your web server might be named ``letsencrypt`` if your system uses an older package, or ``certbot-auto`` if you used an alternate installation method. Throughout the docs, whenever you see ``certbot``, swap in the correct name as needed.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Other installation methods
|
|
||||||
--------------------------
|
|
||||||
If you are offline or your operating system doesn't provide a package, you can use
|
|
||||||
an alternate method for installing ``certbot``.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Certbot-Auto
|
|
||||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
||||||
The ``certbot-auto`` wrapper script installs Certbot, obtaining some dependencies
|
|
||||||
from your web server OS and putting others in a python virtual environment. You can
|
|
||||||
download and run it as follows::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
user@webserver:~$ wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
|
|
||||||
user@webserver:~$ chmod a+x ./certbot-auto
|
|
||||||
user@webserver:~$ ./certbot-auto --help
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. hint:: The certbot-auto download is protected by HTTPS, which is pretty good, but if you'd like to
|
|
||||||
double check the integrity of the ``certbot-auto`` script, you can use these steps for verification before running it::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
user@server:~$ wget -N https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto.asc
|
|
||||||
user@server:~$ gpg2 --recv-key A2CFB51FA275A7286234E7B24D17C995CD9775F2
|
|
||||||
user@server:~$ gpg2 --trusted-key 4D17C995CD9775F2 --verify certbot-auto.asc certbot-auto
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The ``certbot-auto`` command updates to the latest client release automatically.
|
|
||||||
Since ``certbot-auto`` is a wrapper to ``certbot``, it accepts exactly
|
|
||||||
the same command line flags and arguments. For more information, see
|
|
||||||
`Certbot command-line options <https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#command-line-options>`_.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Running with Docker
|
|
||||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Docker_ is an amazingly simple and quick way to obtain a
|
|
||||||
certificate. However, this mode of operation is unable to install
|
|
||||||
certificates or configure your webserver, because our installer
|
|
||||||
plugins cannot reach your webserver from inside the Docker container.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Most users should use the operating system packages (see instructions at
|
|
||||||
certbot.eff.org_) or, as a fallback, ``certbot-auto``. You should only
|
|
||||||
use Docker if you are sure you know what you are doing and have a
|
|
||||||
good reason to do so.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You should definitely read the :ref:`where-certs` section, in order to
|
|
||||||
know how to manage the certs
|
|
||||||
manually. `Our ciphersuites page <ciphers.html>`__
|
|
||||||
provides some information about recommended ciphersuites. If none of
|
|
||||||
these make much sense to you, you should definitely use the
|
|
||||||
certbot-auto_ method, which enables you to use installer plugins
|
|
||||||
that cover both of those hard topics.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you're still not convinced and have decided to use this method,
|
|
||||||
from the server that the domain you're requesting a cert for resolves
|
|
||||||
to, `install Docker`_, then issue the following command:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sudo docker run -it --rm -p 443:443 -p 80:80 --name certbot \
|
|
||||||
-v "/etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt" \
|
|
||||||
-v "/var/lib/letsencrypt:/var/lib/letsencrypt" \
|
|
||||||
quay.io/letsencrypt/letsencrypt:latest certonly
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Running Certbot with the ``certonly`` command will obtain a certificate and place it in the directory
|
|
||||||
``/etc/letsencrypt/live`` on your system. Because Certonly cannot install the certificate from
|
|
||||||
within Docker, you must install the certificate manually according to the procedure
|
|
||||||
recommended by the provider of your webserver.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For more information about the layout
|
|
||||||
of the ``/etc/letsencrypt`` directory, see :ref:`where-certs`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. _Docker: https://docker.com
|
|
||||||
.. _`install Docker`: https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Operating System Packages
|
|
||||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**FreeBSD**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Port: ``cd /usr/ports/security/py-certbot && make install clean``
|
|
||||||
* Package: ``pkg install py27-certbot``
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**OpenBSD**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Port: ``cd /usr/ports/security/letsencrypt/client && make install clean``
|
|
||||||
* Package: ``pkg_add letsencrypt``
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Arch Linux**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sudo pacman -S certbot
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Debian**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you run Debian Stretch or Debian Sid, you can install certbot packages.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sudo apt-get update
|
|
||||||
sudo apt-get install certbot python-certbot-apache
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you don't want to use the Apache plugin, you can omit the
|
|
||||||
``python-certbot-apache`` package.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Packages exist for Debian Jessie via backports. First you'll have to follow the
|
|
||||||
instructions at http://backports.debian.org/Instructions/ to enable the Jessie backports
|
|
||||||
repo, if you have not already done so. Then run:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sudo apt-get install letsencrypt python-letsencrypt-apache -t jessie-backports
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Fedora**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sudo dnf install letsencrypt
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Gentoo**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The official Certbot client is available in Gentoo Portage. If you
|
|
||||||
want to use the Apache plugin, it has to be installed separately:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
emerge -av app-crypt/letsencrypt
|
|
||||||
emerge -av app-crypt/letsencrypt-apache
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When using the Apache plugin, you will run into a "cannot find a cert or key
|
|
||||||
directive" error if you're sporting the default Gentoo ``httpd.conf``.
|
|
||||||
You can fix this by commenting out two lines in ``/etc/apache2/httpd.conf``
|
|
||||||
as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Change
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<IfDefine SSL>
|
|
||||||
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
|
|
||||||
</IfDefine>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
to
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#<IfDefine SSL>
|
|
||||||
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
|
|
||||||
#</IfDefine>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For the time being, this is the only way for the Apache plugin to recognise
|
|
||||||
the appropriate directives when installing the certificate.
|
|
||||||
Note: this change is not required for the other plugins.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Other Operating Systems**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
OS packaging is an ongoing effort. If you'd like to package
|
|
||||||
Certbot for your distribution of choice please have a
|
|
||||||
look at the :doc:`packaging`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Installing from source
|
|
||||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Installation from source is only supported for developers and the
|
|
||||||
whole process is described in the :doc:`contributing`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. warning:: Please do **not** use ``python setup.py install`` or
|
|
||||||
``python pip install .``. Please do **not** attempt the
|
|
||||||
installation commands as superuser/root and/or without virtual
|
|
||||||
environment, e.g. ``sudo python setup.py install``, ``sudo pip
|
|
||||||
install``, ``sudo ./venv/bin/...``. These modes of operation might
|
|
||||||
corrupt your operating system and are **not supported** by the
|
|
||||||
Certbot team!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. _plugins:
|
.. _plugins:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Getting certificates (and chosing plugins)
|
Getting certificates (and choosing plugins)
|
||||||
==========================================
|
===========================================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Certbot client supports a number of different "plugins" that can be
|
The Certbot client supports a number of different "plugins" that can be
|
||||||
used to obtain and/or install certificates.
|
used to obtain and/or install certificates.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user